5 Tips for Restoring Historic Home Exteriors

Restoring a historic home's exterior is about preserving its charm while addressing practical needs. Here's a quick guide to get started:

1. Preserve Original Materials: Evaluate and repair original features like wood, masonry, and trim before considering replacements. Use period-appropriate materials when necessary.
2. Follow Local Guidelines: Check with your local Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) for rules and permits to avoid costly mistakes.
3. Ensure Structural Soundness: Inspect foundations, walls, and key structural elements. Address issues like cracks, water damage, or shifting early.
4. Restore Architectural Details: Repair or recreate missing features such as trim, brackets, or moldings to maintain the home's character.
5. Add Modern Comforts Discreetly: Integrate updates like energy-efficient systems or smart technology in ways that don't compromise the home's original design.

Restoration blends respect for history with modern practicality. By focusing on these steps, you can protect your home's legacy while making it livable for today.

Old House Renovation Episode 3 - Restoring the Exterior of 1900s Colonial Revival.

Assess and Preserve Original Materials

Restoring a historic home starts with understanding its unique features. The original materials of your home hold clues to its story and play a big role in its historical and architectural value. Taking the time to evaluate these elements carefully will help you make informed restoration decisions.

Identify Original Materials

Start by thoroughly examining the exterior of your home. Look at the roof, chimneys, windows, and decorative trims. Pay attention to details like color, texture, and signs of aging to distinguish original features from later additions. Comparing your home to others in the neighborhood can also provide context, and local historical societies are excellent resources for learning about your property's past.

Understanding how your home was built is just as crucial. Construction methods have evolved over time, and historic homes often reflect techniques no longer used today. For instance, before the 1920s, a 2x4 wall stud was actually 2 inches by 4 inches. Similarly, the Industrial Revolution made masonry materials more common and affordable between the mid-1800s and early 1900s. Investigate whether your home uses log construction, timber framing, or wood framing. If it’s framed, determine whether it features balloon framing (common from the 1860s to around 1920) or western platform framing, which became standard by 1920. For masonry homes, identifying whether they are built with solid masonry or a masonry veneer will influence your restoration strategy. This initial research lays the groundwork for preserving your home’s original character.

Repair Over Replace

When dealing with historic materials, repairing them should always take precedence over replacing them. This approach helps retain the home’s historical significance and preserves the craftsmanship that makes it special. Focus on stabilizing and conserving original materials, while also addressing any underlying issues causing deterioration.

Older materials often have qualities that modern alternatives lack. For example, historic wood is generally more resistant to rot compared to today’s lumber, and older bricks differ in size and hardness from modern ones. Regular maintenance checks can catch potential problems early, saving time and resources in the long run. Collaborating with a skilled architect and hiring professionals experienced in historic restorations will ensure your repairs are both effective and true to the home’s original design. When repairs are complete, sourcing materials that match the period becomes the next step.

Source Period-Appropriate Materials

If repairs aren’t enough and replacements are unavoidable, it’s important to find materials that align with the home’s original design. Start by documenting your needs with detailed photos, measurements, and descriptions. Use these records to search for matching materials through specialized salvage yards, local preservation groups, or expert consultations.

As Margaret Chen, an Architectural Historian, explains:

"Hardware in mid-century homes wasn't an afterthought - it was an integral part of the design language."

This insight applies to all historic homes - every detail contributes to the overall character. Keeping an inventory of your materials, complete with photos and measurements, will make the sourcing process smoother.

Additionally, consulting with local preservation groups or restoration specialists can help you locate trustworthy suppliers and avoid materials that might compromise your home’s authenticity. These experts can guide you toward the best options to maintain your home’s historical integrity.

Follow Local Historic Preservation Guidelines

When it comes to restoring historic homes, sticking to local preservation guidelines is just as important as keeping original materials intact. These rules are in place to protect the architectural story of your property while ensuring compliance with regional standards. Navigating these regulations may seem overwhelming, but understanding them upfront can save you from costly mistakes and legal headaches.

Consult Local Authorities

Your first move should be to contact your local Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) or State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). These organizations exist to guide homeowners through the restoration process and can offer advice tailored to your home's specific needs.

Reach out early to your local HPC or planning department to clarify the rules and avoid unnecessary delays. They’ll walk you through the review process, explain what’s required, and suggest preservation methods that align with your property’s historical significance. This early conversation often uncovers requirements you might not have anticipated, helping you sidestep potential obstacles.

The type of historic designation your property holds - whether it’s National, State, or Local - determines which rules you’ll need to follow. Local designations often come with the strictest guidelines, limiting the changes you can make to your home. Knowing these distinctions early helps you prepare for the level of oversight your project may require. Once you’ve completed your consultations, make sure to confirm all necessary permits before moving forward.

Understand Permits and Restrictions

Restoring a historic property usually means applying for special permits, such as a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA), which ensures your updates don’t compromise the home’s historical value.

The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC) emphasizes the importance of protecting historic resources:

"zoning ordinances shall provide for the protection of natural and historic features and resources."

This legal framework sets restrictions designed to safeguard historic properties. In some cases, projects may even require a Historic Resource Impact Study (HRIS), especially for developments involving inventoried historic sites or those near such resources.

Take Alexandria, Virginia, as an example. The city has successfully adapted its historic buildings for modern use, like converting old office spaces into residential units, all while preserving their architectural heritage. By updating land use policies and refining their development review processes, Alexandria demonstrates how respecting historic guidelines can balance modern needs with historical charm.

Research Period-Accurate Design Features

Authentic restoration means diving deep into your home’s history to understand how it looked in its original era. This involves more than just guessing - it requires research, from studying old photographs to analyzing layers of paint on the walls.

Experts often rely on paint and wallpaper analysis to uncover historically accurate colors. This scientific approach ensures that restorations reflect the home’s true appearance rather than a modern reinterpretation.

The restoration efforts in Williamsburg are a great example of how meticulous research can lead to period-accurate design. In the 1920s, early paint analysis inspired the Williamsburg color palette, but later studies revealed this palette was based on faded finishes, not the true historic hues. As a result, Benjamin Moore developed the "Williamsburg Color Collection", featuring 144 colors informed by modern Architectural Paint Research.

Today, companies like Benjamin Moore and Sherwin Williams offer historic color collections to help homeowners achieve authentic results. For instance, Benjamin Moore’s Historical Collection includes 191 shades inspired by American history and architecture. These curated palettes make it easier to select colors that honor your home’s past.

Focus on Structural Integrity and Longevity

Once preservation strategies are in place, the next step is ensuring your home’s structural soundness. Think of it this way: addressing the bones of the house before its cosmetic details ensures a stable foundation for all the enhancements that follow. A thorough assessment of the structure sets the stage for effective restoration.

Inspect Key Structural Elements

A proper structural inspection goes beyond a quick glance. Historic homes, in particular, can hide issues that may not be immediately obvious, so taking a systematic approach is essential to catch problems early.

Start with the floors. Uneven or sloped areas often hint at shifting foundations, rotting beams, or sagging joists. Walk through every room, paying attention to how the floor feels underfoot. Next, check doors and windows. Doors that stick, misalign, or won’t close properly can indicate that the house has shifted over time.

Cracks in the walls are another red flag. Large vertical cracks near windows or doors might point to foundation problems, while horizontal cracks could signal issues with load-bearing walls. Stairs shouldn’t be overlooked either - squeaky or uneven steps may indicate settling or damage to the framing.

A musty smell in the basement or crawl space could be a sign of water damage or wood rot. Similarly, water stains on walls, ceilings, or floors often point to leaks that may be affecting structural components. Even the sounds of the house can give clues - frequent creaks or squeaks in floors or walls might suggest underlying structural concerns.

Outside, look for masonry cracks, gaps in bricks, or uneven siding, which may signal foundation shifts. Document your findings with photos and notes - they’ll be invaluable when consulting with professionals.

"The earlier you address issues like structural settling, the less extensive the work will need to be." - Colonial Restorations

Use Modern Durable Materials Carefully

When structural repairs are necessary, modern materials can be a great option - if used thoughtfully. The goal is to maintain the historic character of the home while improving its durability.

For example, fiber cement siding is an excellent choice for historic exteriors. In 2017, Architect David Sharff restored the James Ord Block in Medfield, Massachusetts, a building from the 1890s, using Hardie Plank lap siding in Deep Ocean and Hardie Trim Boards in Arctic White. This approach revitalized the structure while preserving its historic charm.

Fiber cement siding has several advantages over traditional wood siding. It’s typically 50-100% less expensive than cedar siding and requires less frequent maintenance. Plus, it’s built to withstand severe weather while mimicking the look of wood siding.

Preservation Consideration	Fiber Cement Benefits
Appearance	Matches wood siding profiles with smooth or woodgrain textures
Durability	Resists warping, swelling, and cracking from moisture
Fire Resistance	Noncombustible - will not burn or spread fire
Pest Protection	Impervious to insects and rot
Weather Resistance	Meets Florida High Velocity Hurricane Zone standards

For foundation work, modern methods can complement traditional techniques. For instance, lateral support can be added to foundation walls through liner walls, buttresses, or tiebacks. When reinforcing masonry foundations, add supplemental piles on both sides to avoid uneven stress.

Matching materials is crucial. When repointing stone masonry, ensure the new mortar matches the composition of the original. Using modern Portland cement mortar, which is much stiffer than historic lime-based mortar, can lead to cracking and other issues if not carefully selected.

Hire Professionals for Major Repairs

For significant repairs, it’s best to bring in professionals who specialize in historic structures. Expertise is essential when modern materials alone can’t resolve structural problems.

"Conducting a thorough structural assessment is the first step in restoration, involving detailed inspections and sometimes non-destructive testing techniques to determine the extent of the damage." - Biller Reinhart Engineering Group, Inc.

When choosing contractors, prioritize those with experience in historic restorations. Look for portfolios and client testimonials to ensure they understand the unique challenges of older homes. Verify that they hold the necessary licenses and insurance, including liability and workers’ compensation coverage.

Make sure your contractor follows preservation standards, such as The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. This ensures that the structural improvements maintain the historical integrity of your home.

Before starting any work, check with local authorities to see if planning permissions are required. A knowledgeable contractor should guide you through this process.

"Renovating historic homes is more than another job for a general contractor; it's a passion." - Bob Tschudil, Angi Expert Review Board member

Request detailed project proposals that outline the scope of work, materials, timeline, and cost estimates. Interview potential contractors, check references, and review their reliability through online platforms.

For complex structural projects, companies like Bayshore Exteriors bring specialized expertise in exterior renovations that respect a home’s historic character while incorporating modern durability. Their experience with James Hardie siding and similar materials ensures both safety and longevity.

Establish clear communication with your contractor, including how often you’ll receive updates. Carefully review the contract terms, including the scope of work, payment schedule, timeline, warranty details, and how changes will be handled.

"Regular repairs and maintenance enable you to take preventative action before small issues become big problems."

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Restore Architectural Details Carefully

With structural integrity secured and materials preserved, it’s time to shift your focus to the architectural details that define your home’s historic charm. These features - like intricate trim work or decorative brackets - are what give historic homes their unique character. Restoring them requires precision and a deep respect for the craftsmanship of the past.

"The aim of historic preservation is to retain the original form and character of a building, not to create an idealized version of a particular architectural style." - Wisconsin Historical Society

Refurbish Existing Ornamentation

Once the foundational work is complete, turn your attention to the ornamental details that make your home stand out. Whenever possible, prioritize repairing original features over replacing them. These details often hold decades of craftsmanship that modern reproductions struggle to replicate. Even when damaged, many elements can be salvaged and restored to preserve their authentic charm.

Start by inspecting the existing ornamentation closely. Look at window trim, door casings, cornices, and decorative brackets. What might seem beyond repair at first glance can often be saved through methods like patching, splicing, or reinforcing. These minimally invasive techniques help maintain the original materials and craftsmanship.

Regular maintenance is key to preventing small problems from turning into big ones. Tasks like removing rust, sealing gaps with caulk, repainting, and cleaning gutters can go a long way in preserving your home’s details. For wooden features, addressing rot early or reinforcing weak joints can extend their lifespan. When in doubt, consult specialists skilled in historic restoration techniques to ensure the best results. For cleaning delicate surfaces, stick to gentle methods like low-pressure washing or hand brushing to avoid causing further harm.

Recreate Missing Features

If certain architectural details are missing entirely, the goal is to recreate them as accurately as possible. This means matching the original design, dimensions, color, scale, and materials. Clues like faded paint outlines, nail holes, or weathering patterns can help you determine where these features once existed.

Document everything - take measurements, photos, and notes - and work with skilled craftsmen to replicate the missing elements. Research your home’s architectural style and time period to understand what features were typical. Local historical societies, old photographs, and archival records can provide valuable guidance.

"Deteriorated historic features will be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature will match the old in design, color, texture and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features will be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence." - Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation

Whenever possible, source materials that match the originals. If exact matches aren’t available, opt for substitutes that closely mimic the appearance and physical properties of the historic materials.

Match Scale and Style

After restoring and recreating key details, it’s crucial to ensure they align with the home’s original scale and style. Even the most beautifully crafted features can feel out of place if they don’t match the proportions of the original architecture.

Carefully measure and document every detail. For example, if you’re replacing a missing wood porch post, compare it to any remaining posts to ensure the height, width, profile, and decorative elements match exactly. Historic architectural styles often follow specific rules of scale and proportion, so attention to these details is essential.

When adding new features, they should complement the historic fabric but remain distinguishable upon close inspection. Subtle differences in joinery techniques or discrete date markings can help achieve this balance. Researching period-appropriate paint colors and finishes is also important, as even small deviations can detract from the overall authenticity.

For complex projects involving multiple architectural details, consider working with professionals like Bayshore Exteriors. Their expertise in historic materials and techniques ensures that restored features enhance your home’s character without compromising its authenticity. Partnering with specialists can help you refine your approach and achieve high-quality results before moving on to more prominent restoration tasks.

Add Modern Upgrades Discreetly

Once you've restored your home's architectural charm, the next step is to carefully incorporate modern comforts. The challenge lies in blending contemporary functionality with the timeless appeal of historic design. By doing so, you can enjoy the best of both worlds - modern convenience and preserved character.

"Modern systems can be seamlessly integrated, preserving your home's aesthetic while enhancing comfort and safety." - DreamWorx Renovations LLC

Choose Reversible Modern Features

When adding modern elements, focus on options that are easy to remove or replace without damaging the original structure. This way, you can enjoy updates now while keeping the door open for future restoration.

Energy-efficient windows are a great example of this approach. Instead of replacing historic windows, consider adding storm windows. These improve insulation while leaving the original glass and frames untouched. If needed, you can document and store the original windows for later reinstallation.

Smart home technology also offers flexible solutions. Wireless alarm systems, for instance, can be installed using adhesive mounts, sparing your historic walls from drilling. Smart thermostats typically replace older units with minimal effort, and wireless security cameras eliminate the need for extensive wiring.

Modern lighting systems can be updated with care. Use LED bulbs that fit into your existing fixtures to save energy without altering the original hardware. Additionally, smart switches can replace standard ones, allowing you to maintain period-appropriate cover plates.

Hide Technology When Possible

Disguising modern technology is another effective way to maintain your home's historic charm. Small design choices, like paintable cord covers or hiding cables behind furniture and baseboards, can go a long way. For wireless broadband, consider placing routers and modems in equipment closets or inside vintage-style furniture.

HVAC systems can also be cleverly concealed. Ductwork can be hidden behind walls during renovations, or you might opt for ductless mini-split systems that require minimal visible components. For exterior units, place them away from prominent areas and use landscaping or fencing that complements your home's style.

Smart devices can blend seamlessly into your décor with a little creativity. For example, voice-activated assistants can be tucked into decorative baskets or hidden behind books on shelves. Charging stations and cables can disappear inside decorative boxes, and choosing devices in colors that match your interior helps them blend in even more.

"With careful planning and savvy purchasing decisions, there are several ways of blending modern technology into your historic home." - Christina Wilson, Author

Work with Experts for Integration

Partnering with professionals is key to combining modern systems with historic design. Skilled contractors can integrate electrical, plumbing, and HVAC upgrades with minimal disruption, using fixtures that align with your home's original style.

For HVAC systems, experts can design solutions that provide comfort without detracting from your home's character. This might include installing recessed lighting or hidden speakers that complement the existing architecture.

When it comes to technology, specialists can create wireless networks that avoid visible cables, install security systems without harming historic surfaces, and even hide entertainment systems behind period-appropriate cabinetry or artwork. Companies like Bayshore Exteriors specialize in these types of projects, ensuring modern upgrades respect and enhance the heritage of your home.

When to Hire Professionals

Restoring a historic home’s exterior often requires more than just a keen eye for detail - it demands professional expertise to ensure both safety and historical accuracy. When structural issues or modern upgrades go beyond what you can handle on your own, it’s time to call in the experts.

"Working with a trained professional to determine the condition of your property will help you identify and prioritize the challenges and opportunities unique to your historic property… once you've determined the scope of your project, you'll need to find a contractor to help you complete the work." – Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation

Structural Repairs and Custom Solutions

Historic homes often come with unique structural challenges like settling foundations, rising damp, or crumbling mortar. These problems might show up as sticking doors, visible cracks, or uneven floors. Fixing these issues could involve techniques like sistering joists, partial replacements, epoxy consolidation, or even adding steel reinforcements. Walls and chimneys may need traditional repointing, tie rods, crack stitching, or, in extreme cases, complete rebuilding. Always budget an extra 20–30% to cover unexpected costs.

Specialized companies like Bayshore Exteriors handle these complex tasks with precision, offering solutions that preserve a home’s historical integrity while meeting modern safety standards.

Navigating Regulations

Restoration projects must comply with local historic preservation guidelines, which can be tricky to navigate. Professionals are well-versed in these codes and know how to balance maintaining historical character with modern safety requirements. When hiring contractors, focus on those experienced in working with historic homes and traditional building methods. Seek recommendations, check credentials, and consult local historic preservation societies for reliable references [52,54].

By addressing these regulatory hurdles, you can ensure your project stays compliant while honoring your home’s history.

Achieving a Professional Finish

What sets professional restoration apart is the attention to detail in the finishing touches. Historic homes require craftsmanship that respects their original character. Professionals are skilled in working with historical materials, restoring old wood, and matching period-appropriate finishes to uphold authenticity [54,55]. A professional finish doesn’t just look good - it adds value by ensuring historically accurate colors, material compatibility, and thorough documentation of the restoration process [55,57].

"It has been said that at its best, preservation engages the past in a conversation with the present over a mutual concern for the future." – William Murtagh

From preservation architects to materials specialists, the right professionals ensure your home’s restoration is done with care and precision. Companies like Bayshore Exteriors offer end-to-end services, including consulting, planning, installation, and finishing, to ensure your home’s architectural heritage remains intact.

Before diving into any restoration work, it’s wise to consult a preservation specialist or your local historic commission. If you notice signs of structural problems, have your home evaluated by a professional to avoid costly mistakes down the line [52,55].

Conclusion

Restoring the exterior of a historic home is a labor of love that combines thoughtful planning, a deep appreciation for original craftsmanship, and the right professional skills. The goal is to carefully balance preservation with modern practicality, all while honoring the architectural details that make these homes stand out.

To get started, focus on preserving original materials and thoughtfully integrating updates. Begin by conducting a thorough assessment of your home's current condition and historical background. Whenever possible, retain original materials; if replacements are unavoidable, opt for period-appropriate options from reliable sources. Adhering to local historic preservation guidelines not only safeguards your home's unique character but also helps maintain its value over time.

Address foundational issues and deteriorating mortar as soon as possible to avoid costly future repairs. When adding modern upgrades - like energy-efficient systems - ensure they are seamlessly incorporated so they improve functionality without overshadowing the home's historic charm. This approach allows modern conveniences to complement, rather than compete with, the home's original beauty.

"Maintaining historic integrity is the essence of historic preservation. Historic Integrity = Historic Preservation." – Historic Boston Edison Organization

As mentioned earlier, restoring a historic property often requires expertise beyond typical renovation projects. Companies like Bayshore Exteriors specialize in handling everything from structural repairs to custom solutions, offering the skills needed to preserve your home's legacy while enhancing its usability.

Be sure to allocate funds for unexpected expenses and schedule regular inspections to protect your investment. With careful planning and attention to detail, your restoration project can honor the past while embracing the comforts of the present.

FAQs

What should I consider when selecting materials for restoring a historic home exterior?

When working on the exterior of a historic home, selecting materials that align with the home’s original era and architectural style is crucial. Opt for options like natural wood, stone, or brick - materials that were commonly used when the home was first built. This approach helps maintain the home’s character and timeless appeal.

It’s equally important to ensure these materials are suitable for the existing structure and comply with historic preservation guidelines. To make the best choices, consider consulting local preservation standards or seeking advice from professionals who specialize in historic restorations. Their expertise can help you protect the home’s architectural essence while making thoughtful updates.

How can I add modern technology to my historic home without losing its original charm?

To bring modern technology into a historic home without detracting from its charm, focus on solutions that respect its original design. Wireless options are a great start - think smart lighting, thermostats, and security systems that eliminate the need for disruptive wiring. For instance, Wi-Fi-enabled bulbs can easily fit into your existing light fixtures, and compact smart speakers or hidden audio systems can blend seamlessly with the home’s decor.

For upgrades that are more visible, choose designs that align with the home’s character. Vintage-inspired switch plates or custom enclosures for modern devices can help maintain the aesthetic. By opting for subtle, carefully chosen placements, you can enjoy the perks of modern technology while preserving the timeless appeal of your historic home.

How can I make sure my historic home restoration follows local preservation guidelines?

To make sure your restoration project aligns with local historic preservation rules, start by familiarizing yourself with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. These standards serve as a solid guide for preserving architectural details and maintaining the character of historic structures.

After that, get in touch with your local planning department or historic preservation board. They can provide details about specific regulations for your area. Many historic neighborhoods have their own design standards, and you might need permits or approvals before beginning any work. Taking the time to research these requirements early on can help you avoid unnecessary delays or complications.

If you’re feeling uncertain about how to proceed, consider reaching out to professionals who specialize in historic home restoration. Their expertise can help ensure your project honors the home’s history while staying within the bounds of local regulations.